The polar ice caps are important components of the climate system. A volume of ice representing a 58 m change in sea level elevation is stored on the Antarctic continent. The ice, which forms from the accumulation of snowfall, behaves like a viscous fluid that flows under its own weight. The Antarctic ice cap is unique in that it rests on a bedrock with large areas below sea level and is...

Numerical simulation is paramount for understanding the sink of CO2 in the ocean

Using numerical simulation helps make spectacular progress in the understanding of oceanic circulation, which plays an important role in the Earth's climate system.

Climatology is probably the most demanding scientific discipline in terms of computing time. With so many parameters, on a range of scales, that need to be included, modelling climate change is not a simple matter but it is one of crucial importance for the future of the planet.

Clouds represent the areas of greatest uncertainty for weather prediction models.